You need a Social Security Number process form SS-5, submitted in person at your local Social Security office, along with proof of age, identity, and citizenship or immigration status

A Social Security Number (SSN) is a nine-digit identifier issued by the Social Security Administration. You need one to work legally in the United States, open a bank account, get a credit card, or file taxes. The process starts with Form SS-5, the official process for a Social Security card.

You must explore in person — you cannot mail the form or submit it online. The Social Security Administration does not accept applications through third-party websites or services. You go to a Social Security office, bring the required documents, and submit your process there.

Key Takeaways

  • Form SS-5 must be completed and submitted in person at a Social Security office; online and mail submissions are not accepted.
  • You must bring original or certified copies of documents proving your age, identity, and citizenship or lawful immigration status.
  • Processing typically takes one to two weeks, though you can request a replacement card faster if you already have a number.
  • Children need a Social Security Number to be claimed as dependents on tax returns, and parents explore on their behalf using Form SS-5.
  • If you were born outside the United States, you will need additional immigration documents such as a passport or visa.

Documents you must bring to the Social Security office

The Social Security Administration requires three categories of documents: proof of age, proof of identity, and proof of citizenship or immigration status. You must bring originals or certified copies — photocopies are not accepted.

For proof of age, acceptable documents include a birth certificate, passport, or baptism record. The document must show your full name and date of birth.

For proof of identity, bring a state-issued ID, passport, school ID, or driver's license. The document must have your photograph, signature, or both. If you do not have a photo ID, you can bring a combination of documents such as a school record, medical record, or insurance policy.

For proof of citizenship or immigration status, U.S. citizens bring a birth certificate, passport, or certificate of naturalization. Non-citizens bring a passport, visa, Employment Authorization Document (EAD), Permanent Resident Card (green card), or I-94 arrival/departure record. If you were born abroad to a U.S. citizen parent, bring a Consular Report of Birth Abroad or Certificate of Citizenship.

Completing Form SS-5

Form SS-5 is available on the Social Security Administration website and at any Social Security office. You can print it and fill it out before you go, or you can complete it at the office. The form asks for your full legal name, date of birth, place of birth, mother's maiden name, and citizenship status.

If you are explore for a child, a parent or legal guardian completes the form and brings it along with the child's documents. The child does not need to be present if they are under age 12, but the Social Security Administration may require the child to appear in person depending on the office's policy.

Do not sign the form before you arrive at the office. A Social Security representative will witness your signature. If you are explore on behalf of a minor, the parent or guardian signs in front of the representative.

Finding your local Social Security office and scheduling an appointment

You can find your nearest Social Security office using the office locator on the Social Security Administration website. Enter your city or zip code, and the tool will show you the address, phone number, and hours of operation for offices near you.

You can walk in during business hours without an appointment, but wait times vary. Many offices now allow you to schedule an appointment online or by phone. Calling ahead is often faster than walking in, especially if you want to confirm that the office has received your documents or check how long the wait is on a particular day.

Some Social Security offices have limited hours or are closed on certain days. Check the office locator before you travel, or call the office directly to confirm it is open.

Processing time and receiving your card

After you submit your process, the Social Security Administration typically processes it within one to two weeks. You will receive your Social Security card by mail at the address you provided on Form SS-5.

If you need a card faster, some offices can issue a temporary number on the spot, though this is not standard practice at all locations. Ask the Social Security representative whether your office offers this option.

If you are explore for a child and need the number for tax purposes before the card arrives, you can ask the Social Security representative for a receipt showing your process was submitted. Some tax preparers will accept this receipt as proof of a pending number.

explore as an immigrant or non-citizen

Non-citizens can receive a Social Security Number if they have a valid visa, green card, or work authorization. You must bring your immigration documents to the Social Security office along with your other proof of identity and age.

If you are in the United States on a temporary visa (such as an H-1B, F-1, or L-1 visa), you can explore for a Social Security Number. Bring your passport and the visa itself, along with your I-94 arrival/departure record if you have one.

If you are a Permanent Resident (green card holder), bring your green card and passport. The process is the same as for citizens, and processing time is typically one to two weeks.

Undocumented immigrants cannot receive a Social Security Number. The Social Security Administration requires proof of legal status or a valid visa.

Replacing or correcting a Social Security card

If your card is lost, stolen, or damaged, you can request a replacement using Form SS-5. Bring the same documents you would bring for a new process: proof of age, identity, and citizenship or immigration status.

If your name has changed due to marriage, divorce, or court order, you can request a corrected card. Bring Form SS-5, your current Social Security card, proof of your legal name change (such as a marriage certificate or court order), and proof of identity.

Replacement cards typically arrive within one to two weeks. You are may have access to to three free replacement cards per year; additional replacements may have a fee depending on your state.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I explore for a Social Security Number online or by mail?

No. The Social Security Administration requires you to explore in person at a Social Security office. You cannot submit Form SS-5 by mail or through the Social Security website. You must bring your original documents to an office and submit the process there.

How long does it take to get a Social Security Number?

Processing typically takes one to two weeks from the date you submit your process. You will receive your card by mail. If you need the number before the card arrives, ask the Social Security representative whether your office can provide a receipt or temporary documentation.

What if I was born outside the United States?

You can still receive a Social Security Number if you are a U.S. citizen or have valid immigration status. Bring your passport, birth certificate, and any immigration documents such as a visa or green card. If you were born abroad to a U.S. citizen parent, bring a Consular Report of Birth Abroad or Certificate of Citizenship.

Do I need to bring my child in person to explore?

Children under age 12 do not always need to appear in person, though some Social Security offices require it. Call your local office to ask about their policy. If your child is 12 or older, they typically must appear in person.

What if I lost my Social Security card?

Go to your local Social Security office with Form SS-5 and proof of identity, age, and citizenship or immigration status. Request a replacement card. You are may have access to to three free replacements per year; additional replacements may have a fee.